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Mammography

Mammography

Overview

Mammography is a specialized imaging technique that uses low-dose X-rays to examine breast tissue for early detection of abnormalities, including breast cancer. It is primarily used as a screening and diagnostic tool to identify changes in breast tissue that may not be felt during a physical examination. The procedure helps detect small lumps, calcifications, and other structural changes at an early stage, improving the chances of timely treatment. Mammography is especially recommended for women above a certain age or those with a higher risk of breast cancer, and it plays a vital role in preventive health care and routine screening programs.

Ideal For

Mammography is ideal for early detection of breast cancer, evaluation of breast lumps or abnormalities, assessment of microcalcifications, routine screening in women above 40 years of age, and monitoring individuals with a family history or high risk of breast cancer.

Pre-Requisite

The procedure is safe and convenient:

• No fasting is required before the examination.
• Avoid applying deodorant, powder, lotion, or perfume on the chest or underarm area on the day of the test.
• Inform the technician about pregnancy, breastfeeding, breast implants, or prior breast procedures.
• Carry previous mammogram reports for accurate comparison and evaluation.

Reports are typically available within the specified turnaround time, enabling timely medical consultation if required.

Process

During a mammography procedure, the breast is gently positioned and compressed between two specialized plates to spread the tissue evenly for clear imaging. Low-dose X-rays are then taken from different angles to capture detailed images of the breast. The compression lasts only a few seconds for each image and may cause mild discomfort but helps improve image quality and accuracy. The entire procedure typically takes about 15–20 minutes.

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When and Why CT Scan is Prescribed?

Mammography is prescribed for early detection of breast cancer, especially as part of routine screening in women above 40 years of age or those at higher risk due to family history. It is also recommended to evaluate breast lumps, nipple discharge, pain, skin changes, or any abnormal findings during a clinical breast examination, helping in timely diagnosis and treatment planning.

Things You Should Know

• Mammography uses low-dose X-rays specifically designed for detailed breast imaging.
• Mild compression is necessary to obtain clear and accurate images.
• Early detection through screening significantly improves treatment outcomes.
• Digital mammography allows enhanced image storage, comparison, and detailed analysis.
• Regular screening intervals are determined based on age, risk factors, and medical history.

Frequently Asked Questions

Mammography can identify subtle tissue changes such as microcalcifications and small masses that may not be palpable during a physical examination, enabling early clinical intervention.
Screening mammography is performed routinely in asymptomatic women, while diagnostic mammography is recommended when symptoms or abnormal findings require detailed evaluation.
Mammography is highly effective for early detection, particularly in fatty breast tissue, though additional imaging like ultrasound or MRI may be advised in certain cases.
The frequency depends on age, individual risk factors, and medical guidance, with routine screening commonly recommended annually or biennially after a certain age.
If any suspicious area is identified, further imaging or biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

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